Wilson: Effects on Birds of Spraying Ddt and Ddd in Orchards

نویسنده

  • P. R. WILSON
چکیده

The quantities of organochlorine insecticide residues in mynas (Acridotheres tristis L.) and especially in their eggs and nestlings reflected the concentrations of these pesticides in the soil of the birds' territories. Nearly all residues were derived from contamimated invertebrates, not fruit. Samples of soil, eggs and nestlings from areas adjacent to sprayed orchards contained little pesticide-no more than was found in samples collected several kilometres from orchards. Although some adult starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) died in tremors typical of organochlorine poisoning, no mynas were seen with these symptoms; earthworms, which readily accumulate DDT, DDD and DDE from the soil, are eaten less by mynas than by these other species. Fewer myna eggs hatched, and fewer nestlings survived in areas with much residue in the soil than elsewhere. The degree to which this mortality resulted from a shortage of insect food in heavily sprayed areas, rather than direct pesticide poisoning, was not determined. However, some eggs and nestlings probably died because of inadequate incubation or lack of food, while others were probably poisoned by pesticides.

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تاریخ انتشار 2005